An easy, clear definition of what sockets are:
from www.angryziber.com:
While only IP protocol is fine for sending of packets between hosts, there is a need to differentiate multiple senders and receivers on each host (sockets). This possibilities are provided by transport protocols UDP (User Datagram Protocol), TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), and their companion, ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol). All these protocols are independent of whether IPv4 or IPv6 is used underneath.
from wikipedia:
Internet sockets constitute a mechanism for delivering incoming data packets to the appropriate application process or thread, based on a combination of local and remote IP addresses and port numbers. Each socket is mapped by the operational system to a communicating application process or thread.
Now on to ICMP......
I normally think of ICMP as being at the network level, but it's really at the transport level.
from systemdisc.com:
ICMP works, from a technical point of view, at the transport layer of the OSI model. However, it differs from other transport protocols such as TCP or UDP in the following way; as a control protocol, ICMP does not carry any application data but information on the status of the network.
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